Laravel 是一款流行的 PHP 开发框架，以其优雅的语法和丰富的功能，受到了广大开发者的喜爱。本文将为您提供一个全面的 Laravel 入门教程，帮助您轻松掌握这款 PHP 开发利器。
一、Laravel 简介
Laravel 是一个免费开源的 PHP Web 应用框架，遵循 MVC 架构模式。它提供了丰富的功能，如路由、认证、数据库迁移、缓存等，旨在简化 PHP Web 应用开发流程。
二、安装 Laravel
1. 安装 PHP
首先，确保您的系统中已安装 PHP 7.4 或更高版本。
2. 安装 Composer
Composer 是 PHP 的包管理器，用于安装和管理 Laravel 项目依赖。
# 安装 Composer
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
3. 创建 Laravel 项目
使用 Composer 创建一个新的 Laravel 项目：
composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel project-name
三、Laravel 目录结构
一个典型的 Laravel 项目包含以下目录：
project-name
├── app/
│ ├── Console/
│ ├── Http/
│ │ ├── Controllers/
│ │ ├── Middleware/
│ │ ├── Routes/
│ │ └── Views/
│ ├── Database/
│ ├── Providers/
│ ├── Resources/
│ └── Services/
├── bootstrap/
│ ├── app.php
│ ├── cache.php
│ ├── config.php
│ ├── database.php
│ ├── event.php
│ ├── route.php
│ ├── schedule.php
│ ├── storage.php
│ └── view.php
├── public/
│ ├── index.php
│ └── resources/
│ ├── assets/
│ └── lang/
└── vendor/
四、路由
Laravel 的路由系统允许您定义应用程序的 URL 路由。创建一个路由文件 routes/web.php：
Route::get('/', function () {
return view('welcome');
});
五、控制器
控制器用于处理 HTTP 请求。创建一个控制器 App\Http\Controllers\WelcomeController.php：
namespace App\Http\Controllers;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
class WelcomeController extends Controller
{
public function index()
{
return view('welcome');
}
}
六、视图
Laravel 的视图系统允许您将 HTML 模板与 PHP 代码结合。创建一个视图文件 resources/views/welcome.blade.php：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to Laravel</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to Laravel</h1>
</body>
</html>
七、数据库
Laravel 支持多种数据库，如 MySQL、PostgreSQL 和 SQLite。配置数据库连接文件 config/database.php：
”`php ‘default’ => env(‘DB_CONNECTION’, ‘mysql’), ‘driver’ => ‘mysql’, ‘host’ => env(‘DB_HOST’, ‘127.0.0.1’), 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